Film dressings from Thai mango seed kernel extracts versus nanocrystalline silver dressings in antibacterial properties.

Introduction: The extract from the Mango Seed Kernel (MSK) has been documented to exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This suggests that biomaterials containing MSK extract could be a viable alternative to conventional wound treatments, such as nanocrystalline silver dressings. Despite this potential, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding comparing the antibacterial effectiveness of MSK film dressings with nanocrystalline silver dressings. This study aimed to develop film dressings containing MSK extract and evaluate their antibacterial properties compared to nanocrystalline silver dressings. Additionally, the study aimed to assess other vital physical properties of these dressings critical for effective wound care. Materials and methods: We prepared MSK film dressings from two cultivars of mango from Thailand, 'Chokanan' and 'Namdokmai'. The inhibition-zone method was employed to determine the antibacterial property. The morphology and chemical characterization of the prepared MSK film dressings were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The absorption of pseudo-wound exudate and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of film dressings were evaluated. Results: The results showed that 40% of MSKC film dressing had the highest inhibition zone (20.00 ± 0.00 mm against S. aureus and 17.00 ± 1.00 mm against P. aeruginosa) and 20%, 30%, and 40% of MSKC and MSKN film dressings had inhibition zones similar to nanocrystalline silver dressing for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (p > 0.05). In addition, all concentrations of the MSK film dressings had low absorption capacity, and Chokanan MSK (MSKC) film dressings had a higher WVTR than Namdokmai MSK (MSKN) film dressings. Conclusion: 20%, 30%, and 40% of MSK film dressing is nearly as effective as nanocrystalline silver dressing. Therefore, it has the potential to be an alternative antibacterial dressing and is suitable for wounds with low exudate levels.

Physical Properties and pH Environment of Foam Dressing Containing Eclipta prostrata Leaf Extract and Gelatin.

Eclipta prostrata (E. prostrata) has several biological activities, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, that improve wound healing. It is well known that physical properties and pH environment are crucial considerations when developing wound dressings containing medicinal plant extracts in order to create an appropriate environment for wound healing. In this study, we prepared a foam dressing containing E. prostrata leaf extract and gelatin. Chemical composition was verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pore structure was obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physical properties of the dressing, including absorption and dehydration properties, were also evaluated. The chemical properties were measured to determine the pH environment after the dressing was suspended in water. The results revealed that the E. prostrata dressings had a pore structure with an appropriate pore size (313.25 ± 76.51 µm and 383.26 ± 64.45 µm for the E. prostrata A and E. prostrata B dressings, respectively). The E. prostrata B dressings showed a higher percentage of weight increase in the first hour and a faster dehydration rate in the first 4 h. Furthermore, the E. prostrata dressings had a slightly acidic environment (5.28 ± 0.02 and 5.38 ± 0.02 for the E. prostrata A and E. prostrata B dressings at 48 h, respectively).

Comparison of the Morphological and Physical Properties of Different Absorbent Wound Dressings.

Good quality wound dressings should have exceptional properties for usage, such as being able to remove excess wound exudates, having rapid dehydration, and providing optimal water vapour permeability. This study evaluated and compared the morphological and physical properties of six different commercially absorbent wound dressings in Thailand: two hydrocolloids, two alginates, and two foams. These wound dressings are available in a variety of components and structures, some of which have a multilayer structure. The results showed that the calcium sodium alginate dressings had better absorption properties than the calcium alginate dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, hydrocolloid with foam layer dressings, foam with polyurethane film layer dressings, and foam with hydrogel and polyurethane film layer dressings. Furthermore, the calcium sodium alginate dressings had the highest rate of dehydration and provided an optimal water vapour transmission rate. However, the calcium sodium alginate dressings could not retain the original structure after being submerged with a wound exudate.

Nontraditional Methods to Evaluate Wound Healing.

BACKGROUND: Traditional evaluation of wound healing is sometimes subjective. It is necessary to develop qualitative and quantitative methods to enable more efficient and accurate evaluation of wounds. Recently, new techniques have been introduced and the correspondence between these techniques and clinician judgment is critical. OBJECTIVE: Some nontraditional techniques that analyze wound healing were reviewed, which include measurements of the wound area, tissue color, skin barrier function, skin humidity, and keratinocyte morphology. METHODS: This review article is based on medical research that focuses on the evaluation of wound healing. RESULTS: Software-based and advanced device-based techniques generally provide more accurate and precise results than traditional ones, such as the ruler-based technique. Measurement of tissue color can also help to identify the type of tissue. Evaluation of skin barrier function can assist clinicians to analyze functional restoration of skin, whereas skin humidity demonstrates the exudate production status of the wound. In addition, keratinocyte morphology in the wound bed indicates quality of wound healing and side effects of treatment. CONCLUSION: There is no gold standard method for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of wound healing. It is important to understand the type of wound, sample size, results obtained, advantages, and limitations of each technique.

Randomized Clinical Trial of the Innovative Bilayered Wound Dressing Made of Silk and Gelatin: Safety and Efficacy Tests Using a Split-Thickness Skin Graft Model.

We developed the novel silk fibroin-based bilayered wound dressing for the treatment of partial thickness wounds. And it showed relevant characteristics and accelerated the healing of full-thickness wounds in a rat model. This study is the clinical evaluation of the bilayered wound dressing to confirm its safety and efficacy for the treatment of split-thickness skin donor sites. The safety test was performed using a patch model and no evidence of marked and severe cutaneous reactions was found. The efficacy test of the bilayered wound dressing was conducted on 23 patients with 30 split-thickness skin graft donor sites to evaluate healing time, pain score, skin barrier function, and systemic reaction in comparison to Bactigras. We found that the healing time of donor site wounds treated with the bilayered wound dressing (11 ± 6 days) was significantly faster than those treated with Bactigras (14 ± 6 days) (p = 10(-6)). The wound sites treated with the bilayered wound dressing showed significantly less pain and more rapid skin functional barrier recovery than those treated with Bactigras (p = 10(-5)). Therefore, these results confirmed the clinical safety and efficacy of the bilayered wound dressing for the treatment of split-thickness skin graft donor sites.

Physical and biological assessments of the innovative bilayered wound dressing made of silk and gelatin for clinical applications.

The physical and biological assessments of the innovative bilayered wound dressing made of silk and gelatin that we have developed previously were performed to evaluate its efficacy for clinical applications. The absorption ability and dehydration rate of the dressing were assessed using the split-thickness skin graft and leg ulcer wound bed models. The bioactivities of the bilayered wound dressing were evaluated. The bilayered dressing showed continuous absorption rate of wound exudate, providing the suitability for the wound with extended inflammation phase. The dehydration rate of the bilayered dressing was comparable to the commercially available dressing of which the moisture maintenance capability is claimed. The bilayered dressing showed good conformability, as can be seen by the homogeneous distribution pattern of bromophenol blue absorbed. In terms of biological activities, the bilayered dressing was less toxic to skin cells than the commercially available dressing. The bilayered dressing was also shown to promote cell migration and collagen production due to the bioactive protein components. We here concluded that the superior properties of the bilayered dressing over the commercially available dressing were the conformability and biological activities to accelerate the wound healing, while the other properties were comparable to those of commercially available dressing. The data obtained in this study would be very useful for the further evaluation of the bilayered dressing in clinical trial.